Middle Egyptian: A Student's GuideMiddle Egyptian grammar, glossary and sign lists
Thematic Glossary

Adjectives

Size, Quantity and Space

Size, Quantity & Extent

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ꜥꜣꜥꜣ Great, Large, Grand
wrwr Great
nḏsnḏs Little, Small
šrjšrj Little, Young
ꜣwꜣw Long [of space]
wꜣjwꜣj Far, Distant
ꜥšꜣꜥšꜣ Many, Numerous
nhjnhj Little, Few
wꜥ.tjjwꜥ.tjj Sole, Unique
nbnb All, Every, Each
kjjkjj Other, Another

Spatial & Directional

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
njw.tjjnjw.tjj Local
mḥ.tjjmḥ.tjj Northern
rs.jjrs.jj Southern
jꜣb.tjjjꜣb.tjj Eastern
jmn.tjjjmn.tjj Western

Physical & Sensory

Physical Condition & Sensory Qualities

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
wꜣḏwꜣḏ Fresh, Fortunate, Happy, Flourishing, Healthy
šmšm Hot
qbbqbb Cool
qꜣjqꜣj Tall, High
wsḫwsḫ Broad, Wide
ḥnsḥns Narrow
wmtwmt Thick, Stout
rwd, rwḏrwd, rwḏ Firm, Hard
jdjjdj Senseless; Deaf; Dumb

Colors

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
šspšsp White, Bright
ḥḏḥḏ White, Bright
kmkm Black
dšrdšr Red
ṯmsṯms Red, Ruddy
wꜣḏwꜣḏ Green

Quality & Character

Quality & Value

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
nfrnfr Beautiful, Good
bnrbnr Sweet, Pleasant
nḏmnḏm Sweet (of flavor)
mnḫmnḫ Excellent, Efficient
špsšps Noble, Rich, Valuable
špsjšpsj Noble, Excellent
jqrjqr Skillful, Trustworthy, Excellent, Superior in rank
ꜣḫꜣḫ Glorious, Splendid, Useful, Profitable
ḏsrḏsr Holy
nṯr.jnṯr.j Divine, Sacred
wꜥbwꜥb Pure
jmꜣḫ.jjjmꜣḫ.jj Honored, Venerated
sbqsbq Splendid; Precious
qsnqsn Difficult
štꜣštꜣ Mysterious, Secret, Difficult
sštꜣsštꜣ Secret

Strength, Ability & Character

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
qnjqnj Brave, Strong
wsrwsr Strong, Powerful
nḫtnḫt Strong, Stiff, Victorious
mꜥkꜣmꜥkꜣ Brave
ẖs.jẖs.j Vile, Weak, Feeble

Moral & Social Evaluation

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
mꜣꜥmꜣꜥ True, Righteous, Just
jqrjqr Skillful, Trusty, Trustworthy, Excellent, Superior in rank
hrwhrw Pleasing
bꜣgjbꜣgj Lazy
ḏwḏw Bad, Evil
bjnbjn Bad, Evil
mrmr Bad, Painful
ḥwrwḥwrw Poor, Wretched
mꜣrmꜣr Poor, Needy
ꜥḏꜣwꜥḏꜣw Guilty

Emotional & Mental State

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ḥꜥjḥꜥj Joyful
ḥḏ-ḥrḥḏ-ḥrḥḏ-ḥr Cheerful
ḥtpḥtp Calm; Content
wꜣḏwꜣḏ Fortunate
ꜣdꜣd Angry, Aggressive
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