Middle Egyptian: A Student's GuideMiddle Egyptian grammar, glossary and sign lists
Thematic Glossary

Adverbs

Spatial Location

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ꜥꜣꜥꜣ Here
nꜣnꜣ Here, Hither
jmjm There, Therein, Therewith, Therefrom
jr.jjjr.jj Thereof, Thereto
n.jjn.jj Therefor, For it
rw.tjjrw.tjj Outside
ẖnwẖnw Inside

Distance

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
wꜣjwꜣj From Afar, Long Ago
ḏr-ꜥḏr-ꜥ Long Ago

Temporal Reference

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ẖr-ḥꜣ.tẖr-ḥꜣ.t Formerly, At the beginning
ḫntwḫntw Before, Earlier
m sfm sf Yesterday
mjnmjn Today
ḫrḫr Then, Now, Thus, Further
jsṯ , jsk, jsṯ , jskjsṯ , jsk Now Then, Behold
grtgrt Now, Moreover
m dwꜣwm dwꜣw Tomorrow
ḫr m-ḫ.tḫr m-ḫ.t Now After, Later
HieroglyphsTransliteration English
rꜥ nbrꜥ nb Every day
r nḥḥr nḥḥ For ever
r nwr nw At the proper time
wdfwdf Tardily

Degree of Intensity

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
r ḏr=fr ḏr=f In Its Entirety
r jqrr jqr Exceedingly
wr.twr.t Very
wrwr Much
mꜣꜥmꜣꜥ Truly
m mnḫm mnḫ Thoroughly

Quantity, Addition & Discourse

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
spsp Time, Occasion, Event
sp snsp sn Two Times, Twice
m.jjm.jj Likewise, Accordingly
ḫftwḫftw Accordingly
grtgrt Either
grwgrw

Also

After negatives: Further, Any more

ꜥšꜣꜥšꜣ Often

Emotional & Psychological Manner

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
nfrnfr Happily, Well
m ḥtpm ḥtp Safely (lit. in peace)
ḏrjḏrj Strongly
mrmr Sorely
ẖꜣbẖꜣb Crookedly
ḏwḏw Evilly

Interrogative Adverbs

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ṯnṯn Where? From Where?
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