Middle Egyptian: A Student's GuideMiddle Egyptian grammar, glossary and sign lists
Thematic Glossary

Prepositions

Commonly appearing prepositions

Simple Prepositions

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
jnjn by
mm in, on, with, from, as, consisting of, by
mjmj like, according to, as well as
nn to, for, because of
rr to, toward, against at the time of, concerning
ḥꜣḥꜣ behind, around
ḥnꜥḥnꜥ together with, and
ḫftḫft in front of, in accordance with, as well as, at the time of, when
ḫntḫnt in front of, among
ḫrḫr with, near, under (a king), to (a person), by (agent)
ḫtḫt through, pervading
ẖrẖr under, carrying (a load)
tptp upon
ḏrḏr since

Compound Prepositions with m m

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
jm.jjtwjm.jjtw between, in the midst of
m-ꜥm-ꜥ together with, in the passion of, in the charge of, from, through

m-bꜣḥ

m-bꜣḥ

m-bꜣḥ in the presence of
m-hꜣwm-hꜣw in the neighborhood of, at the time of
m-ḥꜣ.tm-ḥꜣ.t in front of, at the prospect of
m-ḥꜣwm-ḥꜣw in excess of
m-ḥꜣw-ḥrm-ḥꜣw-ḥr in addition to, over and above, except
m-ḥrj-jbm-ḥrj-jb in the midst of
m-ḫmtm-ḫmt in the absence of, without
m-ẖnwm-ẖnw within, in, out of (for example, a room)
m-sꜣm-sꜣ in the back of, behind, following after
m-qꜣb (n)m-qꜣb (n) in the midst of, in the folds of
m-mj.ttm-mj.tt likewise, similarly
mm,mm,mmmm among

Compound Prepositions with r r

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
r-ꜥr-ꜥ beside
r-mꜣw (n)r-mꜣw (n) in the sight of
r-mn-mr-mn-m as far as
r-rḫtr-rḫt to the knowledge of
r-ḥꜣr-ḥꜣ out, outside
r-ḥꜣ.tr-ḥꜣ.t in front of, before (temporally and spatially)
r-sꜣr-sꜣ toward the back of, after (temporally)
r-gsr-gs beside, at the side of, in the company of
r-ḏrr-ḏr all, whole, entire

Compound Prepositions with ḥr ḥr

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
wpw-ḥrwpw-ḥr separated from, except, but
ḥr.jjḥr.jj who, which is upon, who is higher, upper, having authority over
ḥr-ḫwḥr-ḫw in exclusion of, except
ḥr-sꜣḥr-sꜣ toward the back of, upon, outside, after
ḥr-ꜥ.wjjḥr-ꜥ.wjj immediately
ḥr-jbḥr-jb in the middle, midst of
ḥr-tpḥr-tp on behalf of

Other Compound Prepositions

HieroglyphsTransliteration English
ḫft-ḥrḫft-ḥr in front of, before (a person or thing)
ẖr-ꜥẖr-ꜥ under the hand of, in charge of
ẖr-ḥꜣ.tẖr-ḥꜣ.t before (spatially and temporally), in front of (superior in rank, in procession)
n-jbn-jb for the sake of, in order that
n-mrw.tn-mrw.t in order that
tp-ꜥtp-ꜥ before
↑